Mr. Weiser said that the Texas decision violated “basic principles” about “how you make judgments based on evidence and about the authority of agencies.” He added, “The challenge is, once you start undermining those rules in one case, you undermine it for others as well.”

The larger destabilizing potential of the Texas ruling was at the root of the letter signed by the biotech and pharmaceutical executives.

Dr. Jeremy Levin, the chief executive of Ovid Therapeutics and the former chairman of BIO, a biotech trade association, said in an interview that he and a few other industry leaders had been worried about the Texas lawsuit since it was first filed in November. “It completely upends the F.D.A.’s authority,” Dr. Levin said of Judge Kacsmaryk’s ruling. “And then, much more importantly, it opens it up to a political determination of what a medicine is or isn’t, and that is deeply harmful for vaccines, Alzheimer’s drugs, all the others.”

Dr. Shehnaaz Suliman, the chief executive of ReCode Therapeutics, said that she and Dr. Amanda Banks, the former chief executive of Blackfynn Therapeutics, began drafting the letter a few weeks ago, after a March 15 hearing in the case in Judge Kacsmaryk’s courtroom in Amarillo, Tex.

“The primary message is the concern about the court’s overreach and how it might apply to other disease areas or products regulated by the F.D.A.,” said Dr. Suliman, who was involved in organizing a “call to action” among members of the industry in response to the Supreme Court’s decision last year to overturn Roe v. Wade.